From the Numbering dropdown list, select one of the options:.Optionally, select the number you need to start numbering in the Start at field.įor example, if you have several documents containing different chapters or parts of the voluminous project, you can start footnotes from a specific number in the current document.The American Psychological Association ( APA) style and Modern Language Association ( MLA) style don't recommend using symbols as footnote identifiers.The Chicago style allows using symbols, such as the asterisk ( *) or the dagger ( †), instead of numbers if there are a few footnotes in the document (see how to add different reference marks for more details).Note: We strongly recommend checking the requirements you need to follow. For some requirements, a superscript number should be placed between parentheses, for example. In English, a footnote or endnote is usually indicated by a superscript number immediately following the text or phrase to which the note refers. Select the symbol you need in the Symbol dialog box and click the OK button. Word offers several useful features to insert footnotes and endnotes. Note: You can use footnotes and endnotes in the same document. Even after changes are made to the document, Word automatically moves the footnotes to the correct page and renumbers them accordingly. The numbering is always correct if you insert footnotes or endnotes using the Word's Footnote and Endnote functionality. In most views, footnotes or endnotes are separated from the body text by a note separator line (see how to change a note separator line). Footnotes appear on the same page as their reference marks, and endnotes appear at the end of the document or section (see more about their customization below). The number or symbol inserted in the document content to refer to a footnote or endnote is called a reference mark. Whatever approach you favour, you should religiously keep track of your source references while you write by using the Footnotes function in Microsoft Word.Footnotes or endnotes in the document must be formatted according to the requirements accepted by your college, university, company, established on the project, etc. Instead of numbering the references in the back of the book, you identify them by the page on which they appear, along with a snippet from the line of text. This way, readers who want to dig deeper into the book’s source material can easily look it up, whereas those who aren’t so interested don’t have to deal with the distraction.Ĭontextual endnotes: If you feel that even those tiny numbers will be too distracting for your readers, you can dispense with references on the page altogether, and present your citations in contextual endnotes. Each statement requiring a citation is noted in the text with a superscript number that corresponds to the citation in the notes at the back. The solution is to print them in the back of the book as endnotes rather than footnotes. Numbered endnotes: Many publishers (including LifeTree) feel that citing source material in footnotes on the page disrupts the reader’s enjoyment of the book rather than enhancing it, especially when those citations are lengthy, dry and packed with publishing data. In some cases, footnotes are used to cite source material, but that approach is best reserved for academic or scientific books, whose audiences are most likely to be keenly interested in those details. This approach is useful when you want readers to take in the extra information at the same time as they are reading the text. *Some researchers believe that he visited his family briefly the following year, but that claim has never been reliably verified. It was the last time he would ever see his family alive.* They can be linked to the relevant words or lines of text with an asterisk or, if they are numerous, with superscript numbers. Footnotes are most useful for asides and brief comments that you want to make regarding the text without interrupting its flow. This works best when the reference is simple and easy to express, such as, “…as Hillary Clinton told the Washington Post in a 2012 interview.”įootnotes: These are lines of text that appear in small type at the foot of the page. In text: Writing a reference directly into the text itself is the most reader-friendly way to cite your sources. It’s useful for you to understand the difference and determine your own preferences, especially if you are self-publishing. Most publishers have a house style and preference for how and when they use each method. There are four ways to deal with citations, explanations and references: In the text, in footnotes, in numbered endnotes, and in contextual endnotes.
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